Report Denominators and Missing Responses
Distinguish invitations, responses, and support without assigning opinions to nonrespondents.
Supplied materials
- Original fictional paper consultation: 100 invitations to listed centre members; 60 returned usable responses. Of responses, 36 support a new workshop and 24 oppose. Forty invited members did not respond. The list omits unregistered drop-in visitors, and no random selection, weighting, or follow-up is supplied.
Learn the idea
Different denominators answer different questions. Thirty-six out of sixty is the support share among respondents. Sixty out of one hundred is the response rate among invited members. Thirty-six out of one hundred is the share of invitations yielding a recorded support response, not necessarily the support rate of all invitees.
Nonresponse is missing information rather than a no vote. Without knowing the forty missing opinions, invited-member support could range from thirty-six to seventy-six people if every missing opinion were either oppose or support. These are logical bounds under the stated binary question, not confidence intervals or population estimates. Drop-in users also remain outside the invitation list.
- Compute 36/60 and label it respondent support.
- Compute 60/100 and label it invitation response rate.
- Calculate lower and upper logical invited-member support counts.
- Write why the bounds do not cover every centre user or remove nonresponse uncertainty.
See the method in action
“Respondent support is 36/60=60%; response rate is 60/100=60%. Among the 100 invitees, known support is at least 36 and could be at most 36+40=76. Missing responses cannot be called opposition. Unregistered drop-in users were not invited.”
Check your reasoning
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See the answer and explanation
Respondent support and response rate are both sixty percent here, but answer different questions.
The same numerical percentage occurs with distinct numerators and denominators. The missing-opinion range is a logical bound, not a confidence interval.
Take it further
Changed input: ten of the forty missing invitees later respond, eight support and two oppose. Model reasoning: “Now 44 of 70 respondents support, about 62.9%; response rate is 70%. Thirty opinions remain missing, so invited support is logically 44 to 74 of 100. The new data narrow the bounds without settling drop-in views.”
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