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Grade 10 · unit review

Review: From Change to a Causal Question

Audit definitions, compare cases, and write cause conclusions that acknowledge alternatives.

Download reviews and answer keys

Bring the unit skills together

Use these 4 new cases to check your reasoning. Choices are temporary and are not saved to an account, sent to staff or recorded as school grades. Download your current review choices before leaving or reloading.

Unit review questions
1. Original fictional town: new tram begins; market entries rise 120 to 165; stalls and population also rise. Which inference fits?
2. Original report compares 90 unique people before with 120 entries including repeats after. What follows?
3. New matched entry data: site with kiosk 80→110; comparison site 70→90. The kiosk site also adds events. What is the descriptive difference between changes?
4. An invented record says six entrants used a poster code. Which missing fact most directly limits a causal interpretation?

The download contains your current choices and any checked feedback. Keep the separate transfer-task work in your own document; downloading its instructions does not mark it complete.

Use the skills in a new task

All data are original fiction. Market A unique visitors: before 300, after 330. Its after-period entry counter records 370 entries including repeats. Market B comparable unique visitors: before 250, after 270. A adds a tram and eight stalls; B adds neither. A promoter claims “The tram caused seventy extra people.” Write a measurement and cause audit, calculating matched changes and their descriptive difference, and specify a useful further comparison.

Work on paper or in your own document. Explain the choices you made.

  • Reject mixing A’s unique-person and entry measures.
  • Calculate A’s thirty-person and B’s twenty-person matched increases.
  • Compute ten as a descriptive difference between changes.
  • Name A’s unequal stall change as a causal alternative.
  • State a further comparison’s purpose without inventing its result.
Compare with a model response

The seventy gap compares 370 after entries with 300 before unique people, so it is not an established people increase. Matched unique-person data show A rose 30 and B 20, a descriptive difference of ten. A’s added stalls could contribute alongside the tram, and similar counterfactual trends are not established. Records from comparable stall expansions without a tram, using the same unique-person definition and dates, could help test that alternative; they would still require checking other differences.

A different response can also meet the criteria. Compare the evidence and reasoning, rather than copying the wording.