Evaluate runoff design mechanisms

Supplied materials

• All measurements and observations below are supplied classroom examples. They are not data from actual learners or a claim about a particular real site.
• Paper or a browser document for a labeled drawing, table or explanation.
• Worked problem inputs: A tank stores 40 L and receives 60 L with no simultaneous outflow. Explain the design limit.
• Assessment case 1: A porous surface lets some supplied rain enter its ground store. What can this reduce? Which inference or prediction is best supported?
• Assessment case 2: Which scientific label fits the specifically described step or feature? Supplied case: Tank temporarily retains inflow.
• Assessment case 3: Which scientific label fits the specifically described step or feature? Supplied case: Channel guides flow to outlet.
• Assessment case 4: Which scientific label fits the specifically described step or feature? Supplied case: Tank fills beyond its listed volume.
• Assessment case 5: Which scientific label fits the specifically described step or feature? Supplied case: Water enters a permeable strip.
• Assessment case 6: A basin receives 30 L but has 20 L available retention capacity and no other exit. What follows? Which inference or prediction is best supported?

Learn the idea

Permeable surfaces can support infiltration; storage can delay runoff. Designs have maintenance and capacity limits. Model results do not establish drinking-water safety or actual flood protection.

Infiltration design means allows water into permeable ground model. Storage design means temporarily holds incoming water. Routing design means directs water along specified path. Capacity limit means volume beyond which the stated design cannot retain water.

For the supplied mechanism problem, A tank stores 40 L and receives 60 L with no simultaneous outflow. Explain the design limit. At most 40 L can be retained in the stated empty tank; 20 L exceed capacity. Routing or extra capacity is needed in the model. Retention does not establish contaminant removal.

1. Read the supplied problem and mark the structures, processes or quantities named: A tank stores 40 L and receives 60 L with no simultaneous outflow. Explain the design limit.
2. Draw the relevant boundary, pathway or comparison and label it using the scientific ideas above.
3. Write a causal explanation or calculation, showing how each observation supports the result.
4. Compare your reasoning with the worked solution; name a condition that would change or limit the inference.

Check your reasoning

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Take it further

New tank model: capacity is 30 L, inflow is 45 L and 5 L leaves during the interval. Expected: 40 L remains to be accommodated; 10 L exceed the tank capacity. Explain the role of simultaneous outflow.

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