Avoid unacknowledged borrowing

Supplied materials

• Paper and pencil, or a browser text area. All named people/events/records are fictional learning inputs.
• Worked case: Excerpt A: Question: How does a paper hinge bend? Candidate focused query: paper hinge fold mechanism. Excerpt B: Jo built the model and recorded each bend in a diary that day. Excerpt C: Source: The hinge tore after five bends. Draft: The hinge tore after five bends. No marks or source name appear. Excerpt D: Lea: The hinge may fail. Jo: What do you mean by fail in this trial?
• Primary check: Excerpt A: Question: What materials make the paper bridge? Candidate focused query: paper bridge materials list. Excerpt B: A reporter compared three builders’ diaries in a later article. Excerpt C: Source: The hinge tore after five bends. Draft: According to no named source, five repeated folds preceded tearing. Excerpt D: Lea: Label the hinge. Jo: Building on that, we could add arrows to its exact location.

Learn the idea

Exact borrowed wording needs quotation and attribution; a genuine paraphrase still needs a source; merely swapping a few words may remain too close. Original analysis must remain distinguishable.

Compare draft to the supplied source and identify how much wording or meaning is borrowed. Apply the matching treatment.

Original worked input: Original excerpt C: Source: The hinge tore after five bends. Draft: The hinge tore after five bends. No marks or source name appear. The task is to avoid unacknowledged borrowing. The answer is “quotation marks and attribution for exact words”. Evidence: Source: The hinge tore after five bends. Draft: The hinge tore after five bends. No marks or source name appear. Reasoning: quotation marks and attribution for exact words is supported because exact wording requires quotation marks as well as an identifiable source. Changing two words is not necessarily a paraphrase.

1. Read the supplied worked case and identify the part named in this lesson. An adult can model unfamiliar words.
2. Compare draft to the supplied source and identify how much wording or meaning is borrowed. Apply the matching treatment.
3. Check the worked solution: quotation marks and attribution for exact words. Evidence: Source: The hinge tore after five bends. Draft: The hinge tore after five bends. No marks or source name appear. Reasoning: quotation marks and attribution for exact words is supported because exact wording requires quotation marks as well as an identifiable source. Changing two words is not necessarily a paraphrase.
4. Use the new primary and practice cases. Give a reason from the actual words before checking the feedback.

Check your reasoning

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Take it further

Changed-input task: Original excerpt C: Draft: My next question is whether the door can hold a larger sign. This is original analysis, not a source claim. Give an evidence-based answer before looking at the model. Expected reasoning: Evidence: Draft: My next question is whether the door can hold a larger sign. This is original analysis, not a source claim. Reasoning: no borrowed material is supplied is supported because the statement is explicitly a new proposal or interpretation rather than a borrowed source claim. Changing two words is not necessarily a paraphrase. Then write a brief alternative sentence, paragraph, source note or scene that demonstrates the same operation; label new fictional details and preserve source limits.

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