Nineteenth Amendment and Continuing Barriers

Supplied materials

• Paper and pencil; drawing or spoken answers are welcome.
• Topic notes: Legal change: a formal alteration of voting protection. Organizing: coordinating people and resources for a movement. Petition and advocacy: presenting requests and arguments for a change. Continuing barrier: a restriction persisting despite the stated amendment.
• Original exercise cards: A card identifies the Nineteenth Amendment’s ratification. / A historical card describes suffrage organizations. / A historical card describes suffrage petitions. / A card notes racial voting barriers after 1920. / A historical card describes coordinated campaign meetings. / A historical card describes lobbying for voting rights. / A card notes that sex-based protection did not eliminate every eligibility barrier. / A card identifies the constitutional prohibition on sex-based voting denial.

Learn the idea

The Nineteenth Amendment, ratified in 1920, prohibited denying the vote on account of sex. A long movement used petitions, organizing and protest. The amendment did not remove every racial, citizenship or other barrier. A legal change, movement strategy and effective access should be evaluated separately.

Legal change: a formal alteration of voting protection. Organizing: coordinating people and resources for a movement. Petition and advocacy: presenting requests and arguments for a change. Continuing barrier: a restriction persisting despite the stated amendment.

Look for a legal change, coordinated movement work, requests and arguments, or a barrier that continued after the amendment. Read the notes and the word cards. You can write, draw or say your answer.

1. Read the four notes. Find the words Legal change, Organizing, Petition and advocacy, Continuing barrier.
2. Look for a legal change, coordinated movement work, requests and arguments, or a barrier that continued after the amendment.
3. Read the worked answer. Then try the other cards and explain which words helped you choose.
4. Choose two different examples: one for Legal change and one for Organizing. Explain how their clues differ.

Check your reasoning

Your answer is temporary and is not saved to an account. Download your current answer before leaving or reloading. Written work on paper or in another app stays in your own file.

Take it further

New card: “A card identifies the constitutional prohibition on sex-based voting denial.” Match it with a note, then point to or say the words that helped. Check: The card says: “A card identifies the constitutional prohibition on sex-based voting denial.” That matches Legal change. Legal change is a formal alteration of voting protection.

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