Compare environmental decision claims

Supplied materials

• All measurements and observations below are supplied classroom examples. They are not data from actual learners or a claim about a particular real site.
• Paper or a browser document for a labeled drawing, table or explanation.
• Worked problem inputs: An option has lower kilograms per service unit but doubles its service volume. Explain why total emissions need recalculation.
• Assessment case 1: A and B provide equal service; A uses less operational energy, but manufacturing data are missing. What is warranted? Which inference or prediction is best supported?
• Assessment case 2: Which scientific label fits the specifically described step or feature? Supplied case: Lower energy proves zero impact everywhere.
• Assessment case 3: Which scientific label fits the specifically described step or feature? Supplied case: Less fuel but more material input.
• Assessment case 4: Which scientific label fits the specifically described step or feature? Supplied case: Manufacturing data not supplied.
• Assessment case 5: Which scientific label fits the specifically described step or feature? Supplied case: Conclusion states a defined service and interval.
• Assessment case 6: A claimed lower-impact option omits end-of-life data and doubles service volume. What must be checked? Which inference or prediction is best supported?

Learn the idea

A decision should state metric, boundary and uncertainty. A strong value on one metric does not establish every environmental benefit. Supplied resource models are practice, not certification.

Bounded claim means names measured metric and scope. Overclaim means extends one result to every benefit. Tradeoff means one metric improves while another worsens. Evidence gap means needed lifecycle measurement missing.

For the supplied mechanism problem, An option has lower kilograms per service unit but doubles its service volume. Explain why total emissions need recalculation. Intensity is a rate per service, not the total. Multiply intensity by volume using a matching boundary; the total can rise even while intensity falls. Numerical factors must remain identified as model assumptions.

1. Read the supplied problem and mark the structures, processes or quantities named: An option has lower kilograms per service unit but doubles its service volume. Explain why total emissions need recalculation.
2. Draw the relevant boundary, pathway or comparison and label it using the scientific ideas above.
3. Write a causal explanation or calculation, showing how each observation supports the result.
4. Compare your reasoning with the worked solution; name a condition that would change or limit the inference.

Check your reasoning

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Take it further

New data: intensity drops from 4 to 3 model kg/service unit while service rises from 10 to 20 units. Expected totals: 40 kg then 60 kg; lower intensity accompanies higher total under the supplied boundary.

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