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Grade 11 · unit review

Review: Thermal Models and Gases

Use temperature, heat-capacity and gas models with their limits.

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Bring the unit skills together

Use these 4 new cases to check your reasoning. Choices are temporary and are not saved to an account, sent to staff or recorded as school grades. Download your current review choices before leaving or reloading.

Unit review questions
1. Supplied case 5: temperature (°C)=40, using the explicitly named quantities. Kelvin temperature equals Celsius temperature plus 273.15. What result follows?
Need a hint?
  • Kelvin temperature equals Celsius temperature plus 273.15.
  • Kelvin is written without a degree sign.
2. Supplied case 5: mass (kg)=2.5; specific heat (J/(kg·K))=120; temperature increase (K)=5, using the explicitly named quantities. Energy transferred equals kilograms times supplied joules per kilogram-kelvin times temperature change in kelvin. What result follows?
Need a hint?
  • Energy transferred equals kilograms times supplied joules per kilogram-kelvin times temperature change in kelvin.
  • A Celsius interval equals the same kelvin interval.
3. Supplied case 5: initial pressure (kPa)=80; final temperature (K)=450; initial temperature (K)=300, using the explicitly named quantities. Final pressure equals initial pressure times final kelvin temperature divided by initial kelvin temperature. What result follows?
Need a hint?
  • Final pressure equals initial pressure times final kelvin temperature divided by initial kelvin temperature.
  • Keep gas amount and volume fixed.
4. Which scientific label fits the specifically described step or feature? Supplied case: Net energy transfer due to warmer surroundings.
Need a hint?
  • Look for the described feature: energy transfer from temperature difference.
  • Compare the given mechanism with the other labels; do not infer unmentioned events.

The download contains your current choices and any checked feedback. Keep the separate transfer-task work in your own document; downloading its instructions does not mark it complete.

Use the skills in a new task

Create a four-panel explanation for “Thermal Models and Gases” using one supplied case from each lesson. Include the observation, scientific mechanism or calculation, result and a limitation. You may draw and speak your explanation; all inputs are supplied.

Work on paper or in your own document. Explain the choices you made.

  • Use one supplied case from each of the four lessons.
  • Name the relevant structure, quantity or process in every panel.
  • Show calculations with units or a causal evidence chain.
  • Distinguish source facts from fictional classroom data.
  • State a model limit or a condition that would change the result.
Compare with a model response

Panel 1: Supplied case 1: temperature (°C)=0, using the explicitly named quantities. Kelvin temperature equals Celsius temperature plus 273.15. What result follows? Result: 273.15 K. Reasoning: Substitute the supplied values: (0)+273.15 = 273.15 K. Use the 273.15 offset. Absolute-temperature ratios differ from Celsius ratios. Model limitation: only the stated classroom boundary and supplied observations are established; unmeasured real-world performance remains unverified. Panel 2: Supplied case 1: mass (kg)=2; specific heat (J/(kg·K))=100; temperature increase (K)=3, using the explicitly named quantities. Energy transferred equals kilograms times supplied joules per kilogram-kelvin times temperature change in kelvin. What result follows? Result: 600 J. Reasoning: Substitute the supplied values: (2)*(100)*(3) = 600 J. Use mass in kilograms for this supplied heat-capacity unit. The model excludes a phase change. Model limitation: only the stated classroom boundary and supplied observations are established; unmeasured real-world performance remains unverified. Panel 3: Supplied case 1: initial pressure (kPa)=100; final temperature (K)=360; initial temperature (K)=300, using the explicitly named quantities. Final pressure equals initial pressure times final kelvin temperature divided by initial kelvin temperature. What result follows? Result: 120 kPa. Reasoning: Substitute the supplied values: (100)*(360)/(300) = 120 kPa. Use kelvin temperatures. Pressure is not predicted by Celsius ratios. Model limitation: only the stated classroom boundary and supplied observations are established; unmeasured real-world performance remains unverified. Panel 4: Equal-temperature gas samples have different amounts. What inference is warranted? Which inference or prediction is best supported? Result: Temperature alone does not establish equal total internal energy.. Reasoning: Total energy also depends on amount and system properties; matching temperature is not matching total. Model limitation: only the stated classroom boundary and supplied observations are established; unmeasured real-world performance remains unverified.

A different response can also meet the criteria. Compare the evidence and reasoning, rather than copying the wording.