Replace a Mixed-Evidence Overclaim
Preserve multiple findings while removing unsupported group and outcome claims.
Supplied materials
- Original fictional Source A: “Of 15 respondents after the planning session, 12 said the checklist was useful.” Source B: “Among 18 attendees, 11 submitted a plan by the session’s end. There was no previous-session comparison, and plan quality was not rated.” Draft: “The checklist made all attendees produce better plans than ever before.”
- Paper and pencil; spoken responses are welcome.
Learn the idea
Revision of a synthesis begins by mapping each source to the finding it supports. A measures usefulness reports from respondents; B counts on-time submissions among attendees. The groups and outcomes are different. Most respondents reporting usefulness is compatible with eleven submissions, but neither source supplies a quality score or a historical comparison.
Remove unsupported words while retaining the real findings. All conflicts with the recorded submission count; better introduces unmeasured quality; than ever before invents a past comparison; made claims causality not isolated here. A revised paragraph should use the counts precisely and explain the missing evidence, rather than replacing an overclaim with the equally unsupported assertion that the checklist had no value.
- Make a source-to-finding note for A and B.
- Mark all, better, than ever before, and made in the draft.
- Write an attributed two-finding synthesis with the different denominators.
- Add a sentence about absent comparison and quality measures.
See the method in action
Source A reports that twelve of fifteen respondents found the checklist useful. Source B records eleven of eighteen attendees submitting a plan by the end of the session. With no previous-session comparison or quality rating, these findings do not establish that the checklist caused better plans.
Check your reasoning
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See the answer and explanation
Twelve of fifteen respondents reported usefulness, and eleven of eighteen attendees submitted on time; quality improvement and causal effect are not established.
The revision retains both measures and groups without inventing historical, quality, or causal evidence. Missing evidence is not proof of harm.
Take it further
Add Source C: “A later reviewer rated 8 of the 11 submitted plans clear, using a supplied rubric; prior plans were not rated.” Model: report the clarity ratings for submitted plans, but keep the absent prior comparison and attendee-selection limit. The new rating adds quality information for a subset, not a before-and-after improvement for all attendees.
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