Extract results before interpretation
See this course’s project requirements
An evidence folder containing a paper-type note, design map, checked results, corrected claim, two-paper comparison, and a 150–250-word evidence brief.
Keep your working files in your own notebook or software. Save a private description, checklist, and work link in My Proof.
What to include
- Identify publication type, specific question, and scope for P1.
- Map the design and check all rates with their denominators.
- Correct the overclaim and compare P1 with P2.
- Write the final brief with evidence IDs, limitations, and a useful next test.
Review and revise
Use these criteria to check your work and choose what to improve.
- Calculations and units match the supplied counts.
- Design descriptions separate assignment, recruitment, and measurement.
- Claims stay within tested populations and outcomes.
- The synthesis preserves disagreement and labels all practice data fictional.
Want more background?
The idea in everyday life
Original fictional paper P1, “Signs and Sorting”: research question—do picture labels change sorting accuracy at one campus recycling station? Methods—40 volunteers randomly assigned to picture labels or text labels, 20 per group, one supervised session, identical items. Results—picture group 16/20 correct; text group 12/20 correct. Discussion—picture labels may help in this setting; volunteers and one session limit broader conclusions. No uncertainty interval or replication is supplied. This is a teaching example, not a published study.
Write what was observed before deciding why it happened.
Extract results before interpretation: guided practice
Write what was observed before deciding why it happened.
Use paper or a free local text editor. This is an original fictional practice case; do not submit its records to a real service. Start this lesson with these facts, even if an earlier variation changed them. Original fictional paper P1, “Signs and Sorting”: research question—do picture labels change sorting accuracy at one campus recycling station? Methods—40 volunteers randomly assigned to picture labels or text labels, 20 per group, one supervised session, identical items. Results—picture group 16/20 correct; text group 12/20 correct. Discussion—picture labels may help in this setting; volunteers and one session limit broader conclusions. No uncertainty interval or replication is supplied. This is a teaching example, not a published study.
1. Copy the counts
Write each correct count with its group size.
You should see: Picture: 16 of 20; text: 12 of 20.
Denominators prevent misleading comparison of raw counts.
2. Calculate rates
Convert both results to percentages.
You should see: Picture 80%; text 60%.
Comparable rates make the size of the observed difference clear.
3. Calculate the difference
Subtract text percentage from picture percentage.
You should see: Observed difference: 20 percentage points.
Percentage points describe the subtraction of two percentages.
4. Limit the sentence
Write a result sentence without a universal causal claim.
You should see: In this fictional sample, correct sorting was 80% with pictures and 60% with text; uncertainty is not quantified here.
A measured difference is not a guarantee about every future setting.
What to finish
Extract results before interpretation record with the worked decisions and changed-case check.
Watch for this
Reporting raw counts without group sizes or treating an observed difference as guaranteed.
How can I tell I understand it?
Record numerical results with denominators and separate them from explanation. Explain the evidence behind the result and correct any mismatch.
Quick knowledge check
Answer all 3 questions. Get at least 2 right and the lesson completes automatically.
You’ll get an explanation for each answer. Signed in? Your results save to your account.
Pass the check. We’ll save the progress.
Answer all 3 questions above and get at least 2 right. You can review the explanations and try again.
Go to the knowledge checkOptional course overview video · same video as Lesson 1
How to Read a Scholarly Article
From libncsu. Watch here or open it on YouTube .
Optional course overview. Follow the written steps below at your own pace.Tools, templates, and lesson sources
Tools and templates
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Sources and further reading
Explore the references behind this lesson.
Source & access notes · checked 2026-09-12
Inspected article types, preprints, methods/results emphasis, and active reading guidance.
Access: Public page or PDF inspected without payment or institutional sign-in on September 12, 2026. Optional external accounts are unnecessary for this course.
Reuse: Link and original paraphrase only. Public access does not grant blanket reuse; no provider text, figures, or exercises are reproduced.
Source & access notes · checked 2026-09-12
Inspected IMRD structure, figures, active questions, and evidence appraisal.
Access: Public page or PDF inspected without payment or institutional sign-in on September 12, 2026. Optional external accounts are unnecessary for this course.
Reuse: Link and original paraphrase only. Public access does not grant blanket reuse; no provider text, figures, or exercises are reproduced.
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