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Course Library · Lesson 4 of 6
Digital · Guided lesson

Verify checksums and their limits

About 29 minutes · 7 reading + 22 practice and checks
Time includes reading, practice, and questions. Extra videos or further study are optional.
See this course’s project requirements

A local Python release script that validates source, runs tests, packages only allowlisted files, writes checksums and stops on a failing stage.

Keep your working files in your own notebook or software. Save a private description, checklist, and work link in My Proof.

What to include

  • Create an ordered stage/gate map with explicit failure branches.
  • Document the exact child command, working directory, timeout, and failure interpretation.
  • Create and inspect an actual archive whose member list exactly matches the release allowlist.
  • Recompute the delivered archive digest and explain integrity versus correctness/provenance.
  • Demonstrate failed-test stop and byte-preserving overwrite refusal in isolated copies.
  • Deliver one declared local release with stage, package, checksum, failure, and operational-limit evidence.

Review and revise

Use these criteria to check your work and choose what to improve.

  • The implementation or declared simulation follows the supplied contract and retains inspectable original inputs.
  • Normal, boundary and rejected cases are recorded with expected versus observed results.
  • The changed case has a correct explanation and does not rely on hidden state.
  • The project includes source, outputs, instructions and honest tool, privacy and verification limits.
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Before you begin

The idea in everyday life

Original local greeting project: greeting.py, test-greeting.py, usage.txt, release.py and test-pipeline.py. Its release archive may contain only greeting.py and usage.txt. No external CI account, deployment, or package installation is required.

The idea

A SHA-256 digest detects a difference from a trusted expected byte sequence. A matching digest does not prove the code is correct or authenticate an untrusted manifest.

Follow along

Verify checksums and their limits — original worked practice

A SHA-256 digest detects a difference from a trusted expected byte sequence. A matching digest does not prove the code is correct or authenticate an untrusted manifest.

Original local greeting project: greeting.py, test-greeting.py, usage.txt, release.py and test-pipeline.py. Its release archive may contain only greeting.py and usage.txt. No external CI account, deployment, or package installation is required.

  1. 1. Step 1

    Read the archiveSHA256 value in release-manifest.json.

    You should see: The manifest records a digest of the actual archive bytes.

    A SHA-256 digest detects a difference from a trusted expected byte sequence. A matching digest does not prove the code is correct or authenticate an untrusted manifest.

  2. 2. Step 2

    Compute hashlib.sha256(archive.read_bytes()).hexdigest() or run the supplied checksum assertion.

    You should see: The recomputed digest matches the manifest.

    A SHA-256 digest detects a difference from a trusted expected byte sequence. A matching digest does not prove the code is correct or authenticate an untrusted manifest.

  3. 3. Step 3

    Compare an intentionally changed archive copy with the original digest without modifying the retained release.

    You should see: A byte change produces a mismatch in the controlled check.

    A SHA-256 digest detects a difference from a trusted expected byte sequence. A matching digest does not prove the code is correct or authenticate an untrusted manifest.

  4. 4. Step 4

    Record what the digest proves and why manifest trust is separate.

    You should see: A checksum verification and trust-boundary note.

    A SHA-256 digest detects a difference from a trusted expected byte sequence. A matching digest does not prove the code is correct or authenticate an untrusted manifest.

Now change one thing

An attacker changes both a package and its untrusted manifest hash. Does their agreement prove authenticity?

Your work

What to finish

Recompute the delivered archive digest and explain integrity versus correctness/provenance.

Common mistake

Watch for this

Treating an untrusted matching manifest as authentication or a checksum as a correctness test.

How can I tell I understand it?

Demonstrate the rule: A SHA-256 digest detects a difference from a trusted expected byte sequence. A matching digest does not prove the code is correct or authenticate an untrusted manifest. Use the supplied variant to distinguish a changed result from a broken implementation.

Try 3 questions

Quick knowledge check

Answer all 3 questions. Get at least 2 right and the lesson completes automatically.

Not yet passed

You’ll get an explanation for each answer. Signed in? Your results save to your account.

1What does matching the trusted archive digest establish?
2Why hash the actual ZIP rather than the ALLOW array text?
3What must happen after a controlled archive-byte change?
0 of 3 answeredApply the lesson to a short question, then review the explanation.
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Finish this lesson

Pass the check. We’ll save the progress.

Answer all 3 questions above and get at least 2 right. You can review the explanations and try again.

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Sources and further reading

Explore the references behind this lesson.

docs.python.org — hashlib.html
Source & access notes · checked 2026-10-01

Relevant documented module/API behavior inspected during expansion authoring; actual execution evidence is recorded separately. No grant eligibility is established.

Access: Official page retrieved with the web reader on 2026-10-01. Documentation reading does not certify execution in every native tool or browser.

Reuse: Original local practice files, fictional data, worked examples and questions. Concepts paraphrased and linked; source exercises are not copied.

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